What it is
Passwordless authentication is an identity verification method that removes shared secrets such as passwords and replaces them with stronger, phishing-resistant mechanisms. These include cryptographic keys, biometrics, hardware security keys, and device-bound credentials.
Instead of something a user knows, passwordless systems rely on something a user has or is. Authentication is typically performed using public-key cryptography, where private keys never leave the user's device. This significantly reduces the attack surface associated with credential theft.
Why it matters
Passwords remain one of the weakest links in security. They are reused, phished, brute-forced, and leaked at scale. Passwordless authentication eliminates entire classes of attacks while improving user experience and reducing support costs related to password resets.
How to reduce risk
- Adopt passwordless options for high-risk and privileged users first.
- Use device-bound or hardware-backed credentials.
- Combine with continuous risk evaluation.
- Maintain fallback mechanisms with strict controls.